总有一款适合你 外媒简析八款豪华品牌中型SUV
??????? (????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??) ? ?????? (Earth)??? ??? (crust)??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? (seismic wave)??? ?????? ??.????????? (seismometer) ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??. ??????? ???? ????????? ??-?? ?????? ??????? (moment magnitude) ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? (Richter)??? ???? ???????? ??? ??. ? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??. ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? (Mercalli scale) ?? ???????? ??? ??.
????????, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??. ????? ????? ????? (?????????) (epicenter) ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? (tsunami) ???? ??? ??. ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??.
???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??, ?????? ??-????? (seismic wave) ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? (phenomenon) ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???. ???? ???? ?????????? ????? (faults) ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????? (focus) ?? ?????????? (???????????) (hypocenter) ???????? ??? ??. ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? (?????????) (epicenter) ???????? ??? ??.
?????? ??????
[?????? ???]
???????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??. ???? ?? ??????? ???? (fault plane) ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ??? ??. ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? (transform) ????? ???? ??????????? (convergent) ???????? ????? ??. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? (asperities) ? ??? ?? ? ?????? (??????) ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? (aseismically) ??? ??. ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????-?????? ???? ???? (stick-slip behaviour) ??? ??.??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ??.???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ??. ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? (strain) ??????? ?????? ????? (seismic waves), ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????/???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???, ???? ???????????????? ???????? (????????-???????? ?????) (Elastic-rebound theory) ??? ??. ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? 10 ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??.????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? (fracture) ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??. ??, ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??. ?? ?? ? ??????, ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??.[?]
??????? ??????? ???????
[?????? ???]??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????, ?????? (????) ??? ??????-?????.??????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????-?????? ?????? ??, ????? ????? ?????? (dip) ??????? ??? ??. ????? ? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??.???? ???????? ????? ??????? (extended) ????? ???, ??? ?? ?????? (??????) ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? (shortened) ???, ??? ?? ??????????? ?????- ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??.????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????-????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ??? ??; ? ???????? ??????-????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??. ???????? ???????? ???-???? ??? ???-???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??; ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??.
???????? ??????? ??? ???????
[?????? ???]????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??.?? ???????? ????? (San Andreas fault)?? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? (??.?. "??? ?????" ???????)??? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???, ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ???????? ??????? (Northridge earthquake)??? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? (Zagros) ??????????? ?????-?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? (Arabian) ??? ???????? ????? (Eurasian plate)?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??. ? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??. ? ???? ?????? ????????-?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??.????????? ????????? ?????? (focal mechanism) ??? ? ???????? ??? ??.[?]
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? (??.?. ??? ?????) ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (intraplate earthquake) ??????.[?]
????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????
[?????? ???]???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??. 70 ??.??.?? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? "?????-???????????" ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??, ????? 70?? 300 ??.??.??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? "?????-???????????" ???? ?? "????? ?????"?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??. ??? ?????? ???????? (subduction zones), ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (oceanic crust), ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??, ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? (300?? 700 ??.??. ??????) ?????-??????????? ???????? (deep-focus earthquake) ?????? ??? ??. [?]???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????-?????? ???????? (Wadati-Benioff zone) ????? ???????? ??? ??. ?????-??????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? (lithosphere) ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???. ????? ??????? (olivine) ??????, ???????? (spinel) ???????? ????????? ????????? (phase transition) ???? ??? ?????? ?????-??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.[?]
???????? ??? ?????????
[?????? ???]????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? (volcano)??? ???? (magma)?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??, ?.??. [[1980 ????. ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????|1980??? ????. ?????? ????? (Mount St. Helens) ?? ?????]] (eruption of 1980) ?????????. [?]
????????? ???? ??? ?????
[?????? ???]???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??. [?]
???????? ??????
[?????? ???]????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??, ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??. ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??. ?? ? ???????? ?????, ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? (foreshock) ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??.????????? ????? ???? (fault plane) ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. [?]
?????????? ???????
[?????? ???]
?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? (earthquake) ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??. ?????????? ? ???????, ????????? ???????? ????? (aftershock) ????? ???? ??; ? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???, ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? 2004??? ???????? ????????? ?????? (Yellowstone National Park)??? ???? ???????? ????? ????. [?]
????????? ?????????
[?????? ???]?????? ??????????? ????????? (earthquake storm) ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??. ????????? ???????? ????? (aftershock)?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??; ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??. 20?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? (?????) (North Anatolian Fault) ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???. [?][??]
???????? ?????? ??? ???????
[?????? ???]????????? ???????????? (California) ??? ??????? (Alaska) ??? ? ???????? (Guatemala) ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??.???? (Chile), ???? (Peru), ??????????? (Indonesia), ???? (Iran), ????????? (Pakistan), ???????? (Portugal)??? ???? ?????? (Azores), ?????? (Turkey), ?????????? (New Zealand)?, ????? (Greece), ????? ??? ?????- ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???- ???? ????? ???? (New York City), ???? (London) ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ????. [??]???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ???????? ??? (exponential) ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? 4?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??. (????????? ??? ??????? ??????) ???????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???- 3.7 - 4.6?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????, 4.7 - 5.5?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? 10 ?????, ??? 5.6 ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? 100 ?????. [??] ? ?????????-????? ???? (Gutenberg-Richter law)??? ?? ?????? ??.
1931??? 350 ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??. ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ????? ????/???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ????? ??? ????. ??? 1900??, ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, 18 ???? (7.0-7.9?? ??????? ??????) ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? (8.0 ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????) ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??.??.??.??. (USGS)??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??. [??]??????? ??????? ????????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??, ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ??-??? (statistical fluctuation) ??????? ??? ??? ??.??.??.??.??. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????/??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??. [??]
??????? ???? ????? ???????? (90%, ???? ???? ????????????? 81%) 40,000 ??.??. ?????, ???? ?????? ????-??????? ?????? ????? (circum-Pacific seismic belt)??? ??? ??, ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? (Pacific Ring of Fire) ????? ?? ?????? ??. ??????? ????? (Pacific Plate)?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??.[??][??]?????? ????????? (Himalayan Mountains) ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??.??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? (dam) ??????, ???? ?????? (building) ??????, ????? ???? (well)? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??????? ???? (coal mining) ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? (oil drilling) ????????? ????? ??? ??.[??]
?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? (Mexico City), ????? (Tokyo) ?? ?????? (Tehran) ????? ??????? (mega-cities) ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? 30 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??. [??][??]
????????? ????
[?????? ???]1755?? ?????? ???????? (1755 Lisbon earthquake) ?????? (Lisbon)??? ??????? ??????
????????? ???? ????/??????? ??? ??, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??-
???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????
[?????? ???]???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??. ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ?? ????????? ??????? (magnitude), ?????????? (epicenter)?? ??????? ????, ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? (wave propagation) ?????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????.[??]?????? ???????? ?????? ??? (acceleration) ???? ???????? ??? ??.
?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????? ??? ??-?????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ???-??????????? ??? ?? ??, ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ???. ? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??. ? ????????? ??????? (seismic)?? ????? ????, ??? ?????????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??.
????? (?????)?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??. ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??.??? (dams), ??? ??? ??????? ???? (nuclear power stations) ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??-?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??.[??]
??????? ??? ?????????
[?????? ???]????????? ??? ?, ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??????? ??????, ???????, ?????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??.?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??. [??]
?????
[?????? ???]1906?? ??? ????????????? ??????? (1906 San Francisco earthquake)?? ??????
??????? ??? ??????? ????? (electrical power) ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? (fire) ???? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ?????? ?????, 1906?? ??? ????????????? ??????? (1906 San Francisco earthquake)???, ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???.[??]
??????? ???????
[?????? ???]?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? (granular) ??? (???? ????) ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? (solid)????? ??????? (liquid) ?????? ????? ??. ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? (Soil liquefaction) ??.???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ????????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????.?????? ?????, 1964?? ????????? ??????? (1964 Alaska earthquake) ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???.[??]
????????
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????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ????-????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??. ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? 100 ??.??.?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? 600-800 ??.??.?? ???? ???? ???? ??. ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??.???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??. [??]
??????? ????, ????? ????? ?? ?.??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???. ?? ??, ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??, ???? ???? ?????? ???????? 7.5 ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??.[??]
???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??. ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??. ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??. [??]
???
[?????? ???]??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. <??????> ?????? (MSN) ????????? (MSN Encarta) ???????. ??????????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ????2025-08-14 (2025-08-14)?? ??????? ?????? > ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ????, ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??.????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??.[??]
???? ??? (Usoi Dam) ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? (landslide dam), ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? (Tajikistan)?? ????? ???? (Sarez Lake)?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??.?? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??. [??]
???????? ??????
[?????? ???]???????? ??? (disease), ?????? ??????????? ????, ???????, ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??. ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ?? "????? ??????? ???? (Year Without a Summer)" (1816). [??]
????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?? ? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??. [??]
???????? ???? ??????
[?????? ???]????????? ?????? ????????? (Earthquake engineering), ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? (Earthquake preparedness), ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? (Household seismic safety), ?????? ????????? (Seismic retrofit) (????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????), ????????? ????? ????? (Seismic hazard), ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? (Mitigation of seismic motion) ??? ?????????? ?????? (Earthquake prediction) ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??.
??????????? ??????????? ??????
[?????? ???]??????? ??? ??? ????
[?????? ???]????? ???????? (Norse mythology)??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? (Loki) ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??. ????? ????? ??? ????-?????? ????? (god) ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? (Baldr)?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??.????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (Sigyn) ????? ???? ???? ??? ???. ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???.[??]
????? ???????? (Greek mythology)???, ??????? (Poseidon) ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???. ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? (trident)?? ???? ?? ?? ????, ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????, ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ????.[??]
???????? ????????
[?????? ???]?????? ???????? ???????? (popular culture)???, ?????????? ?????, ???? ???????, ??? ?? 1995??? ???? (Kobe in 1995) ???? 1906??? ??? ??????????? (San Francisco in 1906)?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??. [??]???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??. [??]? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??. ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? (Short Walk to Daylight) (1972), ? ????? ?? (The Ragged Edge) (1968) Aftershock: Earthquake in New York???? (1998) ??? ????????? ?????? ??. [??]??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? "? ???????? ?? ???? (The Earthquake in Chile)"??? ?????? ?????????? ??. ? ????????? 1647??? ?????? (?????????)?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??.?????? ??????? (Haruki Murakami)?? "???? ? ????" ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? 1995?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??.
?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???????????? (California)?? ??? ???????? ????? (San Andreas Fault) ?? ???? "??? ??" (???? ????) ???????? ????? ??, ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? 10 (Richter 10) (1996) ??? ?????? ???????????? (Goodbye California) (1977) ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??. [??]? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??. ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????, ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ??.[??]??? ??????? (Jim Shepard)?? "???? ?? ??? ????????????, ?????" ????? ????????????????? "?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???" ????? ?? ????????? "??? ??" (???? ???? ?????) ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??.
? ?? ???
[?????? ???]- ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? (Earthquake insurance)
- ?????????? ???? ?????? (Earthquake loss)
- ?????????? ???? (List of earthquakes)
- 1900 ??? ????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ???? (List of all deadly earthquakes since 1900)
- ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? (List of earthquakes by death toll)
- ?????????????? (Seismotectonics)
???????
[?????? ???]- ↑ Spence, William (1989). "Measuring the Size of an Earthquake". United States Geological Survey. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (???) - ↑ ????????, ??. ?????, ??.????.?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????.????????? ????? ??????????, ???, ????? ???-???
- ↑ Noson, Qamar, and Thorsen (1988). Washington State Earthquake Hazards: Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 85.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "M7.5 Northern Peru Earthquake of 26 September 2005" (pdf). ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(???) - ↑ Greene, H. W. (26 October 1989). "A new self-organizing mechanism for deep-focus earthquakes". Nature. 341: 733–737. doi:10.1038/341733a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(???); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (???) - ↑ Foxworthy and Hill (1982). Volcanic Eruptions of 1980 at Mount St. Helens, The First 100 Days: USGS Professional Paper 1249.
- ↑ ?.? ?.? "What are Aftershocks, Foreshocks, and Earthquake Clusters?".
- ↑ "Earthquake Swarms at Yellowstone". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ Amos Nur (2000). "Poseidon's Horses: Plate Tectonics and Earthquake Storms in the Late Bronze Age Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 27: 43–63. doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0431. ISSN 0305-4403. ??? (PDF) ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Earthquake Storms". Horizon. 9pm 1 April 2003. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(???) - ↑
"Earthquake Hazards Program". USGS. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(???) - ↑ ??.??.??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????
- ↑ "Common Myths about Earthquakes". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Earthquake Facts and Statistics: Are earthquakes increasing?". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Historic Earthquakes and Earthquake Statistics: Where do earthquakes occur?". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Visual Glossary - Ring of Fire". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ Madrigal, Alexis (4 June 2008). "Top 5 Ways to Cause a Man-Made Earthquake". Wired News. CondéNet. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(???) - ↑ ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????
- ↑ "???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????". ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "??????? ???? ????, ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????, ??? ????????????? 1995,1998?? ?????? (2003 ??????? ??????)". ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????, ???????????? ????????? ?????" (PDF). ??? (PDF) ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Natural Hazards - Landslides". USGS. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(???) - ↑ "The Great 1906 San Francisco earthquake of 1906". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Historic Earthquakes -1946 Anchorage Earthquake". USGS. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ ??.? ??.? Noson, Qamar, and Thorsen (1988). Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 85. Washington State Earthquake Hazards.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Wicker, Crystal. "Earthquakes". Crystal Wicker/Weather Wiz Kids.
- ↑ "Notes on Historical Earthquakes". British Geological Survey. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ "Fresh alert over Tajik flood threat". BBC News. 2025-08-14. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(???) - ↑ "Facts about The Year Without a Summer". National Geographic UK.
- ↑ "Earthquakes and Volcanoes". University of Michigan.[????? ???? ??? ???]
- ↑ Sturluson, Snorri (1220). Prose Edda.
- ↑ Sellers, Paige (2025-08-14). "Poseidon". Encyclopedia Mythica. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=,|date=, and|archive-date=(???) - ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? Van Riper, A. Bowdoin (2002). Science in popular culture: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 60. ISBN 0–313–31822–0.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (???) - ↑ ???? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? (????? ???????), ??????? 18, ???? 2.
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[?????? ???]- "Earthquake Magnitudes and the Gutenberg-Richter Law". SimScience. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???); External link in|publisher= - Hiroo Kanamori, Emily E. Brodsky (2001). "The Physics of Earthquakes". Physics Today. 54 (6): 34. doi:10.1063/1.1387590. ??? ????? 2025-08-14 ?? ????????. ?????? 2025-08-14.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(???); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (???)
??????
[?????? ???]- ??? ??????? ????? 12/05/2008?? ??????? ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ????
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- PetQuake.org ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? - ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? (PETSAAF) ????????????? ???????? ????? 03:33, 2 ??? 2008 (??????-UTC)
- ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? - 23 ??????? 1980, ??????????? ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ????
- ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ????
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- ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? (INGV) ?????? ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? - (???? ????? ???? ?????) ???????? (INGV) ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????
- ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? (INGV) ?????? ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? - (???? ????? ???? ?????) ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? 1981-2006
- ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? (????/?????????/?????) ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? – ???? ???? ??????? (Quake-Catcher Network), ????????? (BOINC)